Thirty samples were examined to document the nannofossil assemblage and determine the biostratigraphic zonation. Samples were taken from a borehole drilled at Sisseton (NE South Dakota). 92 species of nannofossil were determined and photographed. Biostratigraphic study of calcareous nannofossils allowed recognition of Late Early Campanian to Early Late Campanian age for the studied section.

The Campanian-Maastrichtian sequence in the Shiraz region of Inner Fars includes Gurpi and Tarbur formations. In order to study petrography and evaluate the evolution of the sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy of these sediments, two stratigraphic sections of Koh-e Qhale and Koh-e Shahrek Abarj in Marvdasht city of Fars province were selected and analyzed. Based on field studies, manual samples, and a detailed microscopic study of 250 thin sections prepared from the studied formations, it was identified that 14 facies (11 carbonate microfacies and three lithofacies) were deposited in a shelf carbonate platform. By studying about 1400 meters of Maastrichtian sediments, depending on the location of the sections under study, three third depositional sequences were identified and separated in terms of sequence stratigraphy. During the Campanian period and the formation of the LST systems tract towards the northeast of the studied area (Koh-e Qhale section), the clastic sediments of the lower part of the Tarbur formation and in the deeper parts of the sedimentary basin of the Gurpi formation were deposited equivalently. At the time of the highstand systems tract (HST facies) and high carbonate production rate in the steep part of the sedimentary environment, interlayered reef deposits (rudist packstone and rudist grainstone) were deposited between the limestones of the Tarbur Formation. The most critical diagenesis processes affecting the studied sequence can be called neomorphism, bioturbation, micriteization, cementation, dissolution, mechanical compaction, stylolitization, pyritization, hematitization, dolomitization, and fracturing, which diagenesis changes are influenced by the pattern of sediment accumulation in time depond on the relative sea level change. Paleogeographical studies of the studied area show that during the Campanian period, the southeast of the studied area (Koh-e Qhale section) was out of water. Moreover, the main facies formed in this section include red conglomerate, microconglomerate, sandstone, shale, and red marl facies, which deepen towards the north and northwest of the study area (Koh-e Shahrak section) and shales Green Gurpi Formation was deposited. In the upper Maastrichtian period, during the relative stillness of the sea water and the dominant marine sedimentary environment, the HST systems tract is exposed in the form of rudist carbonate buildup with significant thickness and facies.

This study empirically examines the impact of indoor physical environment on academicians‟ productivity in different higher education institutes of Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa (KPK) province of Pakistan. The study is based on primary data collected from one hundred and forty four educationists‟ of various institutes in Pakistan namely, COMSATS Abbottabad campus, Hazara University, Mansehra campus, UET campus, Abbottabad, Hazara University, Havelian campus, Comwave university, Abbottabad campus and University of Peshawar. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the techniques of rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All the findings were tested at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. The finding of this study shows that office design is very important in terms of increasing employees’s productivity. The study opines that comfortable and contented office design motivates and energizes the employees to increase their performance.

In this study, two stratigraphic sections of the Tarbur Formation have been investigated in the Structural Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. The Tarbur Formation in the studied area conformably underlaid the Gurpi Formation but its top boundary overlaid by Bakhtiyari and Sachun formations as a disconformity. Due to the abundance of fossil content in these sediments, most of the studies had been focused on paleontology aspects. Lithological and facies studies on the sediments of this formation in the Interior Fars Province show the existence of 12 carbonate sedimentary facies in these sediments, which are scattered in four sub-environments including open marine, bioclastic shoal, lagoon and tidal flat. The abundance of benthic foraminifera in these sediments shows the change of conditions from deep to shallow environments. The results of field investigations and the trend of lateral and vertical changes of facies and sub-environments reflect the presence of a homoclinal carbonate ramp during the deposition of these sediments. The trend of changes in the depth of the facies, their distribution pattern and the characteristics of the upper boundary of the formation in the studied sections show that the Mandegan section was located in the shallow part of this ramp and there was a deepening trend in the environment towards the south-east towards the Khanehnahr section. In addition, the replacement of large benthic foraminifers by bivalves such as rudist is another confirmation of the decreasing depth trend over time. These results can be used in reconstructing the evolution of the sedimentary basin in this region.

The concept of a Γ-semihyperring is a generalization of a semiring, semihyperring, Γ-semiring. In this Paper we introduce the notion of bi-interior Γ-hyperideals, quasi-interior Γ-hyperideals and bi-quasi-interior Γ-hyperideals in a Γ-semihyperring as a generalization of Γ-hyperideal, left-Γ-hyperideal, right-Γ-hyperideals, bi Γ-hyperideal, quasi Γ-hyperideal, interior Γ-hyperideals of Γ-semihyperring. We studied the properties of these Γ-hyperideals and characterized them in simple Γ-semihyperring and regular Γ-semihyperring

"Interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture" are known as three names that refer to specialties that are focused on the organization of interior spaces. The emergence of these three specialties takes place in a historical process; first "interior decoration" in the early nineteenth century, then "interior design" in the early twentieth century, and then "interior architecture" about four decades ago. The precedence and delay in the emergence and application of these specialties does not mean the complete replacement of the latter over the earlier one; however, in some cases and for some reasons, the former specialty has been replaced by the latter. In fact, these three specialties, despite their many similarities and commonalities, have different meanings and uses and in relation to each other, and they have created a relationship that is questionable and worth considering. So the main question of this research is what is the relationship between the mergence of "Interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture".To answer the above question, first, the foundations and origins of each are examined and analyzed. This is because by finding the roots and recognizing the factors and conditions of each period, it is possible to identify the requirements and needs that have affected the emergence of each. These factors and conditions form a system in which they interact and are affected. As a result, their interaction leads to the formation and objectification of each of these specialties. After recognizing the way the three specialties are formed, their function and functional evolution have been studied in both the context of profession and education. In this way, the relationship between these three specialties is explained. Since the subject of this research is to know the origin of these professional areas and how it is formed, the main focus is on beginning to find the subject matter of these specialties that have lasted from the early nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. In the last two decades, these specialties have become more widespread in the profession and education, and so a careful study of this issue requires further opportunities. Therefore, the time period studied in this research is from around 1800 to 2000.So the goal of this study is to understand the relationship between these three titles. The methodology of this research is analytical, interpretive, and logical reasoning. This means that by searching, collecting, and organizing documents, and evaluating and interpreting data, a description of the origin and formation of these three specialties is provided. The findings of this study show how the factors influencing the formation and survival of "interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture" operate and how they relate to each other. Since a relatively short time has passed since the introduction of these specialties, this research can help to understand each of these three areas of expertise more accurately and is effective in clarifying their position in relation to each other. Continuation of this research can help to develop the concepts and theoretical foundations of these specialties.

Background and Objective: Jahrum Formation has long been of special interest due to its wide distribution, Biostratigraphic and Lithostratigraphic differences in different areas, and the existence of hydrocarbon reserves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Jahrum Formation in the study areas, in terms of stratigraphic position (thickness and lithology) and geology (contact with upper and lower formations) and its paleontology. Material and Methodology: The study conducted on Jahrum formation (lower and Middle Eocene) of interior Fars, Zagros. The 465 samples were collected from Gushenekan, kuh-e-Chehel Cheshme and Tong garm. Thin sections were used to study of stratigraghy, microfacies and microfossils. Findings: According to them, two sedimentery sequences identified. The main aims of the research are Identification of the Jahrum formation borders that connected to the Asmari at the top as discotinuty and the Sachun formation at bottom as concordant. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on this study Jahrum formation has deposited in the internal ramp and consisting two sequences. Additionaly, sedimentary environment, geochemical analysis and Paleontological ecology of the Jahrum were studied too. Also, the tectonic position of the sedimentary basin of Jahrum Formation in comparison with the adjacent basins was presented in the form of a conceptual design for the first time.

Interior architecture is the most influential aspect of space on human life because living experiences form within interior spaces while exterior forms are merely observed. Enhancing interior architecture quality directly shapes residents’ lifestyles and well-being. If Islamic architecture aims to create a virtuous life (hayate tayyebah), it is essential to discover and apply principles for organizing these spaces so that Islamic architectural works emerge—principles rooted in the wisdom of Islam to facilitate a Muslim life with dignity and resilience. In the second phase of the revolution, building a new Islamic-Iranian civilization requires sustained knowledge production in this area and interdisciplinary collaboration. This study presents a framework for designing a space of the described quality that becomes a “pure place” (hayate tayyebah), a pleasurable and growth-promoting environment that supports ethical, social, and spiritual flourishing. The core question is: what is the process of interior architectural design with such an approach, and how can it be generalized beyond context?To address this, four parallel research paths are pursued: (1) a four-stage hypothesis—goal-setting, formalization, vitality, and meaning-making—documented through the authors’ experiences in research, teaching, and interior design; (2) deriving Islamic teachings from anthropology, ontology, jurisprudence, and Islamic law via architectural jurisprudence and ijtihad; (3) evaluating and refining the hypothesis through content analysis of written and built interior-architectural sources; (4) using prior findings to assess and complete the hypothesis as a robust design strategy. The results enrich and solidify it as a practical interior-design framework with depth and broader applicability.